第一章  準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地碳排放源特征Chapter I Characteristics of Carbon Emission Sources in Junggar Basin

根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》要求，所有締約方應(yīng)按照IPCC國(guó)家溫室氣體清單指南編制各國(guó)的溫室氣體清單。我國(guó)于2004年向《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》締約方大會(huì)提交了《中國(guó)氣候變化初始國(guó)家信息通報(bào)》，報(bào)告了1994年我國(guó)溫室氣體清單，2008年我國(guó)啟動(dòng)了2005年國(guó)家溫室氣體清單的編制工作。為了進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)省級(jí)溫室氣體清單編制能力建設(shè)，我國(guó)多個(gè)政府部門以及科研院所的專家編寫了―“省級(jí)溫室氣體清單編制指南”，清單編制總體上遵循《IPCC國(guó)家溫室氣體清單指南》的基本方法，并借鑒了1994年和2005年我國(guó)能源活動(dòng)溫室氣體清單編制好的做法。但由于該清單中CO2排放量計(jì)算所需的參數(shù)較多，在本課題的研究尺度下無(wú)法做到對(duì)整個(gè)盆地的排放源企業(yè)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)調(diào)查，因此本此研究以企業(yè)年產(chǎn)量或年產(chǎn)能為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行估算，采用同時(shí)考慮燃料燃燒和工藝過程因素的綜合排放因子，計(jì)算點(diǎn)源的排放量，匯總得總排放量。According to the requirements of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), all contracting parties should prepare national GHG inventories in accordance with the requirements of IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. In 2004, China had submitted “China's Initial National Climate Change Report” to the Conference of Parties of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which reported China's greenhouse gas inventory in 1994. In 2008, China started the preparation of the 2005 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. In order to further strengthen the capacity for preparation of provincial GHG inventories, experts from various government departments and research institutes in our country have compiled the Guidelines to Compilation of Provincial-level Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The preparation of the inventory generally follows the guidelines in the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Basic methods, and learns from the good example of the preparation method of 1994 and 2005 greenhouse gas inventory of China's energy activities. However, due to the large number of parameters required for the calculation of CO² emissions in the inventory, it is impossible to conduct a detailed investigation on the source enterprises in the entire basin under the research area of this project. Therefore, this study is based on the annual output or annual production capacity of enterprises, taking into account the fuel combustion and process factors integrated emission factors, so as to calculate the amount of point source emissions and summary the total emissions.

計(jì)算公式如下：Calculation formula is as follows:

 （2-1）

 （2-2）

 （2-3）

式中：(E_CO2)_ji為第j個(gè)行業(yè)第i個(gè)企業(yè)CO₂年排放量，(EF)_ji 為該企業(yè)CO₂綜合排放因子(emission factor)，(P₁)_ji為產(chǎn)品年產(chǎn)量(production)，(P₂)_ji為企業(yè)產(chǎn)能(capacity)，(A)_ji為產(chǎn)能利用系數(shù)(utilization rate)，(T)_ji為設(shè)備平均利用時(shí)間(full load hours)，(E_CO2)_t為整個(gè)行業(yè)排放總量(CO₂ estimated per industry)。當(dāng)依據(jù)排放源年實(shí)際產(chǎn)量計(jì)算該行業(yè)總排放量時(shí)，采用式(2-1)，當(dāng)依據(jù)排放源年產(chǎn)能計(jì)算該行業(yè)總排放量時(shí)采用式(2-2)。Where: (E_CO2)_ji is the annual CO² emission of the i^th enterprise in the j^th industry, (EF)_ji is the CO² emission factor of the enterprise, (P1)_ji is the annual production of the product, ( P2)_ji is the capacity of the enterprise, (A)_ji is the utilization rate, (T)_ji is the full load hours of the equipment, (ECO²)_t is the total industry emissions estimated per industry). When calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the actual production of the source year, the formula (2-1) is adopted, and the formula (2-2) is adopted when calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the annual output of the source.

第一節(jié)  火電廠CO2排放Section 1 CO₂ Emissions of Power Plant

根據(jù)《2016年中國(guó)電力統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》，2015年中國(guó)火電裝機(jī)總量為100554萬(wàn)千瓦，其中新疆地區(qū)火電裝機(jī)容量為4199萬(wàn)千瓦。全年全國(guó)火電發(fā)電量為42307億千瓦時(shí)，新疆地區(qū)為2067億千瓦時(shí)。對(duì)6000千瓦及以上電廠發(fā)電技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示全國(guó)火電廠設(shè)備利用小時(shí)4364小時(shí)，新疆高出全國(guó)平均水平，為4730小時(shí)。因此，新疆地區(qū)火電的產(chǎn)能利用率很高。近年來，新疆火電發(fā)電裝機(jī)呈“井噴式”發(fā)展，供需矛盾突出，電力產(chǎn)能過剩。新疆本區(qū)消納電力約占總裝機(jī)規(guī)模的三分之一，其他部分通過“電力援疆”跨省外送電力方案消納剩余電量。According to the requirements of China Electric Power Yearbook 2016, the total installed capacity of thermal power in China of 2015 was 100554 MW, of which 41.99 GW was installed in Xinjiang. In the whole year, the generating capacity of thermal power in the country is about 4,230.7 billion kwh, and the generating capacity of thermal power in Xinjiang is about 206.7 billion kwh. As for the statistics on the technical and economic indicators for power generation of 6,000 kilowatts and above show that the utilization of equipment in thermal power plants nationwide is about 4364 hours per hour. Xinjiang is higher than the national average of 4730 hours. Therefore, thermal power generation capacity utilization in Xinjiang is quite high. In recent years, installed capacity of thermal power generation in Xinjiang is in a spurt of development, which causes a prominent contradiction between supply and demand, and overcapacity of power generation. In Xinjiang, the local consumption of electricity accounts for about one-third of the total installed capacity, and the rest surplus electricity were consumed by the plan of cross-regional transmission through the policy of “Eclectic Aid for Xinjiang” program.

火電廠的CO2排放計(jì)算采用第二個(gè)公式（2-2）。從圖1-1中可以看出，準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地的火電廠主要分布在盆地的南緣，以及準(zhǔn)東區(qū)域，主要是奎屯、石河子、烏魯木齊、阜康等地區(qū)，盆地主要電廠共有32座，年排放總量達(dá)67.51Mt。The calculation of CO₂ emissions from thermal power plants may apply the second formula (2-2). As can be seen in Figure 1-1, the thermal power plants in the Junggar Basin are mainly distributed in the southern margin of the basin and the quasi-eastern region, mainly Kuitun, Shihezi,第一章  準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地碳排放源特征Chapter I Characteristics of Carbon Emission Sources in Junggar Basin

根據(jù)《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》要求，所有締約方應(yīng)按照IPCC國(guó)家溫室氣體清單指南編制各國(guó)的溫室氣體清單。我國(guó)于2004年向《聯(lián)合國(guó)氣候變化框架公約》締約方大會(huì)提交了《中國(guó)氣候變化初始國(guó)家信息通報(bào)》，報(bào)告了1994年我國(guó)溫室氣體清單，2008年我國(guó)啟動(dòng)了2005年國(guó)家溫室氣體清單的編制工作。為了進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)省級(jí)溫室氣體清單編制能力建設(shè)，我國(guó)多個(gè)政府部門以及科研院所的專家編寫了―“省級(jí)溫室氣體清單編制指南”，清單編制總體上遵循《IPCC國(guó)家溫室氣體清單指南》的基本方法，并借鑒了1994年和2005年我國(guó)能源活動(dòng)溫室氣體清單編制好的做法。但由于該清單中CO2排放量計(jì)算所需的參數(shù)較多，在本課題的研究尺度下無(wú)法做到對(duì)整個(gè)盆地的排放源企業(yè)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)調(diào)查，因此本此研究以企業(yè)年產(chǎn)量或年產(chǎn)能為基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行估算，采用同時(shí)考慮燃料燃燒和工藝過程因素的綜合排放因子，計(jì)算點(diǎn)源的排放量，匯總得總排放量。According to the requirements of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), all contracting parties should prepare national GHG inventories in accordance with the requirements of IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. In 2004, China had submitted “China's Initial National Climate Change Report” to the Conference of Parties of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which reported China's greenhouse gas inventory in 1994. In 2008, China started the preparation of the 2005 National Greenhouse Gas Inventory. In order to further strengthen the capacity for preparation of provincial GHG inventories, experts from various government departments and research institutes in our country have compiled the Guidelines to Compilation of Provincial-level Greenhouse Gas Inventories. The preparation of the inventory generally follows the guidelines in the IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Basic methods, and learns from the good example of the preparation method of 1994 and 2005 greenhouse gas inventory of China's energy activities. However, due to the large number of parameters required for the calculation of CO² emissions in the inventory, it is impossible to conduct a detailed investigation on the source enterprises in the entire basin under the research area of this project. Therefore, this study is based on the annual output or annual production capacity of enterprises, taking into account the fuel combustion and process factors integrated emission factors, so as to calculate the amount of point source emissions and summary the total emissions.

計(jì)算公式如下：Calculation formula is as follows:

 （2-1）

 （2-2）

 （2-3）

式中：(E_CO2)_ji為第j個(gè)行業(yè)第i個(gè)企業(yè)CO₂年排放量，(EF)_ji 為該企業(yè)CO₂綜合排放因子(emission factor)，(P₁)_ji為產(chǎn)品年產(chǎn)量(production)，(P₂)_ji為企業(yè)產(chǎn)能(capacity)，(A)_ji為產(chǎn)能利用系數(shù)(utilization rate)，(T)_ji為設(shè)備平均利用時(shí)間(full load hours)，(E_CO2)_t為整個(gè)行業(yè)排放總量(CO₂ estimated per industry)。當(dāng)依據(jù)排放源年實(shí)際產(chǎn)量計(jì)算該行業(yè)總排放量時(shí)，采用式(2-1)，當(dāng)依據(jù)排放源年產(chǎn)能計(jì)算該行業(yè)總排放量時(shí)采用式(2-2)。Where: (E_CO2)_ji is the annual CO² emission of the i^th enterprise in the j^th industry, (EF)_ji is the CO² emission factor of the enterprise, (P1)_ji is the annual production of the product, ( P2)_ji is the capacity of the enterprise, (A)_ji is the utilization rate, (T)_ji is the full load hours of the equipment, (ECO²)_t is the total industry emissions estimated per industry). When calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the actual production of the source year, the formula (2-1) is adopted, and the formula (2-2) is adopted when calculating the total emissions of the industry based on the annual output of the source.

第一節(jié)  火電廠CO2排放Section 1 CO₂ Emissions of Power Plant

根據(jù)《2016年中國(guó)電力統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒》，2015年中國(guó)火電裝機(jī)總量為100554萬(wàn)千瓦，其中新疆地區(qū)火電裝機(jī)容量為4199萬(wàn)千瓦。全年全國(guó)火電發(fā)電量為42307億千瓦時(shí)，新疆地區(qū)為2067億千瓦時(shí)。對(duì)6000千瓦及以上電廠發(fā)電技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示全國(guó)火電廠設(shè)備利用小時(shí)4364小時(shí)，新疆高出全國(guó)平均水平，為4730小時(shí)。因此，新疆地區(qū)火電的產(chǎn)能利用率很高。近年來，新疆火電發(fā)電裝機(jī)呈“井噴式”發(fā)展，供需矛盾突出，電力產(chǎn)能過剩。新疆本區(qū)消納電力約占總裝機(jī)規(guī)模的三分之一，其他部分通過“電力援疆”跨省外送電力方案消納剩余電量。According to the requirements of China Electric Power Yearbook 2016, the total installed capacity of thermal power in China of 2015 was 100554 MW, of which 41.99 GW was installed in Xinjiang. In the whole year, the generating capacity of thermal power in the country is about 4,230.7 billion kwh, and the generating capacity of thermal power in Xinjiang is about 206.7 billion kwh. As for the statistics on the technical and economic indicators for power generation of 6,000 kilowatts and above show that the utilization of equipment in thermal power plants nationwide is about 4364 hours per hour. Xinjiang is higher than the national average of 4730 hours. Therefore, thermal power generation capacity utilization in Xinjiang is quite high. In recent years, installed capacity of thermal power generation in Xinjiang is in a spurt of development, which causes a prominent contradiction between supply and demand, and overcapacity of power generation. In Xinjiang, the local consumption of electricity accounts for about one-third of the total installed capacity, and the rest surplus electricity were consumed by the plan of cross-regional transmission through the policy of “Eclectic Aid for Xinjiang” program.

火電廠的CO2排放計(jì)算采用第二個(gè)公式（2-2）。從圖1-1中可以看出，準(zhǔn)噶爾盆地的火電廠主要分布在盆地的南緣，以及準(zhǔn)東區(qū)域，主要是奎屯、石河子、烏魯木齊、阜康等地區(qū)，盆地主要電廠共有32座，年排放總量達(dá)67.51Mt。The calculation of CO₂ emissions from thermal power plants may apply the second formula (2-2). As can be seen in Figure 1-1, the thermal power plants in the Junggar Basin are mainly distributed in the southern margin of the basin and the quasi-eastern region, mainly Kuitun, Shihezi, Urumqi, Fukang and other regions. There are 32 main power plants in the basin, with the total emission amount of 67.51Mt. Urumqi, Fukang and other regions. There are 32 main power plants in the basin, with the total emission amount of 67.51Mt.

 

武漢漢口翻譯公司

2023年8月16日