混凝土保護(hù)層翻譯-中英對(duì)照
Concrete protective layer
由于槽內(nèi)蓄冰盤管為落地安裝，設(shè)備重量較大，不能直接放置在保溫、防水層上，需要在玻璃鋼防水層上澆注60mm厚混凝土保護(hù)層。
Since the ice-on-pipe is very heavy and installed on the ground, it is impossible to place it on the heat conservation and water resistance layer. 60mm concrete protective layer should be grouted on the glass steel water resistance layer.
1) 原材料的要求
Requirements of raw materials
采用不低于C20混凝土。
No lower than C20 concrete should be adopted.
2) 混凝土的攪拌與運(yùn)輸
Mixing and transportation of concrete
本施工部位使用商品混凝土，混凝土到場(chǎng)后采用人工運(yùn)輸至施工部位。
Commercial concrete should be adopted for this construction. After arrival at the construction site, the concrete should be transported to the relevant part manually.
商品混凝土運(yùn)至現(xiàn)場(chǎng)時(shí)必須隨車帶來(lái)運(yùn)輸小票，45天內(nèi)必須提供混凝土出廠合格證。攪拌站應(yīng)保證原材質(zhì)量并保證混凝土原始資料的可追溯性。
The transportation receipt must be brought with the vehicle once commercial concrete reach the site. The manufacturing certificate of concrete must be provided within 45 days. The mixing station should ensure the quality of raw materials and also ensure that the original materials of concrete can be traced.
3) 鋼筋施工
Construction of reinforced steel bar
施工準(zhǔn)備
Preparation
①. 應(yīng)根據(jù)施工圖與預(yù)算統(tǒng)計(jì)鋼筋使用量安排鋼筋采購(gòu)，應(yīng)選擇有信譽(yù)、有實(shí)力的鋼廠作為原材提供方。
Reinforced steel bars should be purchased according to the construction chart and demand estimation. Steek plants with excellent credit and strength should be selected as raw materials supliers.
②. 鋼筋堆放實(shí)行掛牌制度，未經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的鋼筋不得使用，不得與經(jīng)檢驗(yàn)的鋼筋混堆。
The notice system should be executed for reinforced steel bar storage. It is forbidden to use un-inspected reinforced steel bars, nor are they allowed to mix up with inspected ones.
③. 工程技術(shù)人員應(yīng)于開工前認(rèn)真熟悉圖紙，搞清設(shè)計(jì)意圖和細(xì)部構(gòu)造，進(jìn)行圖紙會(huì)審和設(shè)計(jì)交底，挑錯(cuò)誤找毛病，及時(shí)辦理圖紙變更與洽商。
The project technical personnel should familiarize themselves with charts before construction commencement, make clear the design intentions and etailed structure, conduct discussion and design handover, find oout mistakes and handle chart changes and negotiations in a timely manner.
鋼筋原材
Raw material of reinforced steel bar
①. 本工程鋼筋必須采用符合現(xiàn)行國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定的合格鋼筋，鋼筋應(yīng)有出廠合格證與復(fù)試合格報(bào)告單，每捆（盤）鋼筋均應(yīng)有標(biāo)志。
Eligible reinforced steel bars according with current national standards must be adopted. The steel bars must have manufacturing certificates and report certificate of re-testing. Every bundle (tray) of reinforced steel bars should have obvious signs.
②. 進(jìn)場(chǎng)時(shí)應(yīng)按直徑d分批檢驗(yàn)，標(biāo)志與外觀檢查合格后按規(guī)定抽取試樣作力學(xué)性能試驗(yàn)，合格后方可使用。
Reinforced steel bars should be inspected by batches according to diameter/ After sign and apperance inspection with eligibilities, samples should be selected according to relevant stipulations for mechanical performance testing. They are not allowed to be used until they have been proved eligible.
③. 鋼筋在運(yùn)輸和儲(chǔ)存時(shí)，不得損壞標(biāo)志，按批分別堆放整齊，避免銹蝕或油污。
In the transportation and storage, it is forbidden to damage the signs. The steel bars should be stored batch by batch in a well ordered way to avoid rusting or greas.
鋼筋加工
Processing of reinforced steel bar
①. 盤條鋼筋現(xiàn)場(chǎng)用鋼筋調(diào)直機(jī)調(diào)直。
Reinforced steel bar straightener should be adopted for coiled steel bars.
②. 鋼筋加工前鋼筋工長(zhǎng)應(yīng)根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)圖紙與實(shí)際放樣繪制鋼筋下料單，鋼筋車間加工的鋼筋形狀、尺寸必須與下料單相符。
Before processing operations, the head of steel bars should work out the charging list according to the design chart and actual charts. The shape and dimension of reinforced steel bar processed in the workshop must accord with the list.
③. 鋼筋表面應(yīng)潔凈、無(wú)損傷，油漬、漆污和鐵銹應(yīng)在使用前清除干凈。帶有顆粒狀或片狀老銹的鋼筋不得使用。
The surface of reinforced steel bars should be clean with no damage, grease, paint dirt and iron rust which should be eliminated before use. It is forbidden to use particle and rusted steel bars.
④. 鋼筋應(yīng)平直，無(wú)局部曲折。
The reinforced steel bars should be straight with no partial bending.
⑤. 鋼筋的彎鉤或彎折應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：
The bent hook or bending of reinforced steel bars should accord with the following stipulations:
a. Ⅰ級(jí)鋼筋末端需要作180o彎鉤，其圓弧彎曲直徑D不應(yīng)小于鋼筋直徑d的2.5倍，平直部分長(zhǎng)度不小于3d。
The end of Level I steel bar should have 180o bent hook with its arc bending diameter D no less than 2.5 times of steel bar diameter d. The straight part should be no less than 3d in length.
b. Ⅱ級(jí)鋼筋末端需作90o或135o彎折時(shí)，彎曲直徑D不小于4d，平直部分長(zhǎng)度按設(shè)計(jì)要求確定。
Once it is required to have 90o or 135o bending at the end of Level II steel bar, the bending diameter D should be no less than 4d. The length of straight part should be confirmed according to the design requirements.
c. 彎起鋼筋中間部位彎折處的彎曲直徑D，不應(yīng)小于5d。
The bending diameter (D) at the bent position in the middle of bent reinforced steel bar should be no less than 5d.
⑥. 鋼筋加工的允許偏差（mm）
Permitted error of processed reinforced steel bar (mm)
項(xiàng)目 Item 允許偏差Permitted Error
受力鋼筋順長(zhǎng)度方向全長(zhǎng)的凈尺寸
Net dimension of stressed steel bar along the length direction ±10
彎起鋼筋的彎折位置
Bending position of bent steel bar ±20
⑦. 鋼筋在加工過(guò)程中，如發(fā)現(xiàn)脆斷、焊接性能不良或力學(xué)性能顯著不正常等現(xiàn)象應(yīng)立即停止加工，封存已加工的同批鋼筋構(gòu)件，并上報(bào)項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理部，不得自行處理。
In case of any fragile breaking, poor welding performance and obviously abnormal mechanical performance in the processing operation, the processing operation must be stopped immediately. The same batch of reinforced steel bar components should be sealed up and reported to the Project Manager Department. No one is allowed to handle the situation personally.
鋼筋連接
Connection of reinforced steel bar
①. 本工程主筋用套管冷擠壓連接。
Sleeve cold pressing connection method should be adopted the main bars.
②. 鋼筋綁扎：reinforced steel bar binding:
a. 鋼筋的交叉點(diǎn)用鐵絲扎牢。
The crossed point of reinforced steel bar should be tightened with wires.
b. 綁扎網(wǎng)和綁扎骨架的允許偏差（mm）
Permitted error of binding net and binding framework is as follows (mm):
項(xiàng)目 Item 允許偏差Permitted Error
網(wǎng)的長(zhǎng)、寬 length and width ±10
網(wǎng)眼尺寸net hole dimension ±20
骨架的寬及高width and height of frame ±5
骨架的長(zhǎng)length of frame ±10
箍筋間距distance of stirrup ±20
受力鋼筋stressed reinforced steel bar 間距 distance ±10
排距 row distance ±5
③. 綁扎接頭：
Joint binding:
a. 搭接長(zhǎng)度的末端距鋼筋彎折處，不得小于10d，接頭不宜位于構(gòu)件的最大彎矩處。
The distance between the end of lap joint length and bending place of reinforced steel bar should be no less than 10d; the joint should not be placed in the maximum torque place of structure;
b. Ⅰ級(jí)鋼筋綁扎接頭的末端應(yīng)做彎鉤。
The end of Level I steel bar binding joint should be hook-shaped;
c. 鋼筋搭接處，應(yīng)在中心和兩端用鐵絲扎牢。
In the steel bar lap jointing place, iron wires should be adopted to fasten the central place and two ends.
鋼筋位置誤差預(yù)控方法
Pre-control method of reinforced steel bar position error
鋼筋編好后，利用預(yù)制好的鋼筋梯狀模架，按精確彈線的尺寸架設(shè)好，以模架為基準(zhǔn)安裝鋼筋，同時(shí)使保護(hù)尺寸準(zhǔn)確牢固，模板上口鋼筋澆注混凝土?xí)r綁上水平控制梯狀模架，防止鋼筋位移，池底板設(shè)通長(zhǎng)馬蹬，間距1m，頂板鋼筋設(shè)馬蹬架空，梅花形布置，最大間距不大于1m。
After arrangement of reinforced steel bars, pre-made ladder-shaped supports should be adopted to support well according to the precise dimension. The reinforced steel bars should be installed on the basis of mould support. At the same time, the protective dimension should be accurate and firm. In the concrete grouting in the upper mouth of moulding plate, horizontal ladder-shaped moulding support should be bound to prevent steel bar displacement. Stirrup with a distance of 1m should be set up in the bottom plate. Blossom-shaped stirrup support should be set up in the top plate reinforced steel bars with a maximum distance of no more than 1m.
鋼筋和接頭試驗(yàn)
Reinforced steel bar and joint testing
每批鋼筋應(yīng)在進(jìn)場(chǎng)后按公司《質(zhì)量保證手冊(cè)》中規(guī)定進(jìn)行抽樣復(fù)試，并分門別類碼放，并明確標(biāo)識(shí)。其中分紅、綠、黃、白種顏色。白色表示剛進(jìn)場(chǎng)未檢，黃色表示已檢尺待驗(yàn)，綠色表示已合格，可以投入使用，而紅色表示不合格。
Every batch of reinforced steel bars should be given sampling re-testing after site entry according to stipulations in the Quality Guarantee Manual. Furthermore, they should be placed in terms of categories plus obvious signs. Red, green, yellow and white can be selected. White represents site entry withou inspection; yellow represents inspection and awaiting checking; green represents eligibility and ready for use; red represents ineligibility.
鋼筋原材進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，如果力學(xué)試驗(yàn)不合格或是進(jìn)口鋼筋，則應(yīng)進(jìn)行五元素分析試驗(yàn)。鋼筋接頭要進(jìn)行焊接和機(jī)械連接試驗(yàn)，其中有30%的試驗(yàn)量，要有監(jiān)理人員監(jiān)督的取樣過(guò)程。試驗(yàn)合格的鋼材和連接工藝方可使用。
In case of ineligibility in the mechanical testing of raw reinforced steel bars or in case of imported reinforced steel bars, five elements analysis and testing should be conducted. Welding and mechanical connection testing should be conducted to the steel bar joint. 30% testing amount should be have the sampling process under the supervision of relevant personnel. Eligible steel materials and connection techniques can be adopted.
4) 混凝土的澆注
Concrete grouting
①. 施工準(zhǔn)備
Construction preparation
人員組織
Personnel organization
現(xiàn)場(chǎng)設(shè)總調(diào)度長(zhǎng)一名，混凝土澆注前由總調(diào)度先進(jìn)行各方面協(xié)調(diào)、聯(lián)絡(luò)和布置，施工時(shí)由總調(diào)度進(jìn)行總指揮處理各處關(guān)系，保證施工的有序進(jìn)行，同時(shí)根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)情況，協(xié)調(diào)混凝土的運(yùn)輸速度。
One general dispatcher should be designated on the construction site. Before the concrete grouting operation, the general dispatcher should conduct coordination, contact and arrangement in various aspects. During the construction, the general dispatcher should be responsible for the settlement of various relations to ensure well ordered construction. He should, according to the site condition, coordinate the transportation speed of concrete.
在勞動(dòng)力的配備上充分考慮攪拌、運(yùn)輸、澆注、換班各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)因素的影響。
In the respect of labor preparation, elements in various procedures including mixing, transportation, grouting and shift change should be taken into adequate consideration.
操作分組
Operation groups
振動(dòng)操作組（包括下料、平倉(cāng)、振搗）：6人
Vibration operation group (including charging, flattening and vibrating): 6 persons
混凝土表面壓光組：1人
Concrete surface pressing and polishing group: 1 person
養(yǎng)護(hù)組：1人
Maintenance group: 1 person
鋼筋組：8人
Reinforced steel bar group: 8 persons
木工組：1人
Woodwork group: 1 person
其他：2人
Others: 2 person
機(jī)具準(zhǔn)備
Preparation of machines and tools
提前準(zhǔn)備平板振搗器1套，檢查是否能正常使用，接好電源。檢查安全設(shè)施有效可靠。
One set of plate virator should be prepared in advance. It should be checked for normal status and the power should be switched on. Safety facilities should be checked for effectiveness and reliability.
施工順序安排
Construction order
蓄冰槽分為兩部分，先進(jìn)行一個(gè)冰槽保護(hù)板的施工，一次澆注完成。
The ice tank can be divided into two parts: construction of ice tank protective plate; grouting operation.
②. 混凝土澆筑
Concrete grouting
澆注時(shí)應(yīng)注意的要點(diǎn)：
The following points should be paid special attention in the grouting operation:
a. 在澆注工序中，要保證混凝土供應(yīng)量，不得出現(xiàn)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間間歇供應(yīng)現(xiàn)象。
In the grouting order, the concrete supply should be ensured with no long time rest condition.
b. 澆注過(guò)程中，應(yīng)經(jīng)常觀察模板、支架、鋼筋、預(yù)埋件的情況，當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)有變形、移位時(shí)，應(yīng)立即停止?jié)沧ⅲ⒘⒓床扇〈胧┰谝褲沧⒌幕炷聊Y(jié)前修整完好。
In the grouting operation, workers should frequently observe the mould, support, reinforced steel bar and pre-buried parts. In case of any deformation and displacement, the workers should stop the grouting immediately and adopt necessary measures for modification before coagulation of grouted concrete.
c. 混凝土澆注過(guò)程中平板振搗器應(yīng)直上直下地使用，所振部位的混凝土返出泥漿不再冒出氣泡為準(zhǔn)，每次振搗布點(diǎn)間距要均勻，嚴(yán)格控制振搗間距、振搗時(shí)間，防止交接部位出現(xiàn)漏振，同時(shí)也須防止過(guò)振而過(guò)量返漿。
In the concrete grouting operation, the plate vibrator should be used in a vertical way. No air bubbles in the return concrete slurry in the vibrating part is OK. The distance between every vibrating point should be even. The vibrating distance and time should be under strict control to prevent any leaked vibration in the joint part and also prevent excessive vibration which leads to excessive slurry return.
d. 混凝土澆注溫度不宜超過(guò)35℃，澆注間隙不得超過(guò)初凝時(shí)間，對(duì)于接縫處應(yīng)仔細(xì)振搗，以求密實(shí)。待1～2h后再進(jìn)行抹壓收光，以防裂縫出現(xiàn)。終凝后，即進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)，抗?jié)B混凝土養(yǎng)護(hù)時(shí)間不得少于3天。
The concrete grouting temperature should not exceed 35℃ and the grouting distance should not exceed the initial coagulation time. Joint places should be vibrated carefully to ensure tightness. After 1-2 hours, pressing and polishing operation should be conducted to prevent cracks. The maintenance should conducted after final coagulation. The leakage resistance concrete maintenance should be no less than three days.
③. 混凝土養(yǎng)護(hù)
Concrete maintenance
降低混凝土塊體里外溫度和減慢降溫速度來(lái)達(dá)到降低塊體自約束應(yīng)力和提高混凝土抗拉強(qiáng)度，以承受外約束應(yīng)力時(shí)的抗裂能力，對(duì)混凝土的養(yǎng)護(hù)是非常重要的。混凝土澆注后，應(yīng)及時(shí)進(jìn)行澆水養(yǎng)護(hù)，保持混凝土處于濕潤(rùn)狀態(tài)，養(yǎng)護(hù)3天。
The temperature of inside and outside of concrete blocks should be lowered and the temperature cooling speed should be slowed down in order to lower the self-restriction and upgrade the stretch resistance strength of concrete so as to bear anti-crack capacity in the external restriction force. This is highly important for concrete maintenance. After concrete grouting, water should be filled in a timely manner. The concrete should be wet for three days.
④. 混凝土裂紋控制措施
Control measures of concrete cracks
混凝土中裂紋的產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展，應(yīng)主要從降低混凝土溫度應(yīng)力和提高混凝土的極限抗拉強(qiáng)度來(lái)控制，確保施工過(guò)程的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)都是非常重要的，具體措施如下：
Emergency and development of concrete cracks should be controlled through lowering the concrete temperature stress and upgrading the concrete limit stretch resistance strength so as to ensure smooth operation in various procedures. The concrete measures are as follows:
a. 在滿足設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)度要求的基礎(chǔ)上，控制水泥用量，以減少混凝土內(nèi)部溫度。
On the basis of design strength requirements, the cement should be controlled to reduce the internal concrete temperature.
b. 混凝土中摻加減水劑。目的是減少用水量，減少混凝土中水化熱量，避免混凝土干燥收縮和裂縫產(chǎn)生。
Water reducer should be added to the concrete for the purpose of reducing water and the heat of hydration so as to avoid shrinkage of concrete and emergency of cracks.
c. 混凝土中摻加粉煤灰。粉煤灰的摻入不僅可以替代部分水泥，明顯地降低混凝土的水化熱，而且還可以改善混凝土的流動(dòng)性便于運(yùn)送。
Pulverized coal should be added to the concrete. This can not only replace some cement and obviously reduce the heat of hydration in the concrete, but also improve the liquidity of concrete and thus brings convenience for transportation.
d. 嚴(yán)格控制砂、石質(zhì)量，采用中砂，石子采用5～40級(jí)配石，含泥量控制在1.5%，可提高混凝土的抗拉強(qiáng)度。
Sand and stone quality should be under strict control. Intermediate sand should be adopted while Level 5-40 stones should be adopted. The mud content should be within the scope of 1.5% which can upgrade the stretch resistance strength of concrete.
5) 注意事項(xiàng)
Attention
混凝土板保護(hù)層施工在冰槽防水、保溫施工完工后進(jìn)行，在鋼筋編織、混凝土澆注時(shí)需要做好對(duì)玻璃鋼防水層的保護(hù)，以免對(duì)玻璃鋼防水層造成破壞而使以前的工作前功盡棄。
The concrete plate protective layer construction should be conducted after the completion of ice tank water resistance and heat conservation construction. In the reinforced steel bar knitting and concrete grouting operations, efforts should be made to protect the glass steel water resistance layer to avoid damage to it and thus lead to failure.
2012.12.18