中高級口譯考試高頻翻譯考點(diǎn)
背景（Background）
香 港
香港是中國的一部分。自古以來，我們的祖先在這塊土地上勞動、生活。歷史上從秦代到清朝，中國一直對香港實(shí)行管轄，行使主權(quán)。19世紀(jì)中葉，英國發(fā)動兩次鴉片戰(zhàn)爭，迫使腐敗無能的清政府簽訂了不平等條約并于1898年侵占了整個香港地區(qū)。
香港于1997年7月1日回歸祖國，現(xiàn)有人口約630萬。
Hong Kong is an inalienable part of China. Since ancient times, our ancestors lived and labored on this land. Historically from the Qin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, China exercised jurisdiction and sovereignty over Hong Kong. In mid-19th century after launching two Opium Wars, Britain forced the corrupt and incompetent Qing govemment to sign the unequal treaties. In 1898, Britain occupied the entire Hong Kong region.
On July 1, 1997, Hong Kong finally returned to the motherland. It has a population of 6.3 million.
◆香港同胞有著光榮的愛國主義傳統(tǒng)
Hong Kong compatriots have a glorious patriotic tradition.
◆一國兩制、港人治港及高度自治等基本方針將不會改變
The basic policies of one country, two systems, Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong and a high degree of autonomy will remain unchanged.
◆香港將繼續(xù)保持作為國際財(cái)經(jīng)金融中心的地位
Hong Kong will continue to retain its status of functioning as an international financial center
◆未來的香港，人人都有平等競爭的機(jī)會
In future Hong Kong, everyone will be given an equal right for competition
澳 門
自古以來，澳門就是中國的領(lǐng)土。我們的祖先很早就開始在澳門生活。16世紀(jì)中期，葡萄牙人行賄中國朝廷官員，獲準(zhǔn)借澳門暫住。19世紀(jì)鴉片戰(zhàn)爭前，葡萄牙人已完全控制了澳門。1887年 清政府被迫簽訂了不平等的《中葡條約》。
1987年，中葡簽訂了"中葡聯(lián)合聲明"，宣布澳門為中國領(lǐng)土，中國政府將于1999年12月20日對其恢復(fù)行使主權(quán)。
澳門于1999年12月20日回歸祖國；現(xiàn)有人口約45萬。
Macao is historically Chinese territory and the ancestors of the Chinese people started to live in Macao as early as the New Stone Age. During the mid-16th century, the Portuguese bribed Chinese officials and obtained permission to live on the Macao Peninsula temporarily. In the 19th century, the Portuguese took full control over Macao in the wake of the Opium War. In 1887, the Qing Government was forced to sign an unequal treaty and Portuguese stayed in Macao permanently.
In 1987, China and Portugal signed the Sino=Portuguese Joint Declaration which declared Macao is Chinese territory and that the Chinese Government would resume the exercise of sovereignty over it from December20, 1999. It now has a population of about 450,000.
◆澳門的回歸將從此借宿外國在中國土地上統(tǒng)治恥辱的年代
Macao's return will end years of humiliating foreign rule over Chinese land.
◆澳門社會市中西文化融合，同時也是連結(jié)海峽兩岸的橋梁
Macao society is a blend of Chinese and Western cultures and acts as a bridge linking the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.
臺 灣
◆臺灣市中國領(lǐng)土不可分割的一部分。1895年，日本通過侵華戰(zhàn)爭強(qiáng)迫清政府簽訂不平等的《馬關(guān)條約》，霸占了臺灣。1945年，中國政府新恢復(fù)對臺灣行使主權(quán)。
臺灣現(xiàn)有人口約2094萬。
Taiwan is an inalienable part of China. In 1895, through a war of aggression against China, Japan forced the Qing Government to sign the unequal Treaty of Shimonoseki, and forcibly occupied Taiwan. In 1945, the Chinese Government recovered Taiwan, resuming the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan.
Taiwan has a population of about 20.94 million.
◆一個中國原則是實(shí)現(xiàn)和平統(tǒng)一的基礎(chǔ)和前提
The one-China principle is the basis and prerequisite for achieving peaceful reunification
◆在一個中國原則下，什么問題都可以談
Any question can be discussed under one-China principle.
◆不能允許臺灣問題的解決再無限期地拖下去了
The people of the whole of China cannot allow the resolution of the Taiwan issue to be dragged on indefinitely
◆臺灣新領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的選舉，并不能改變臺灣是中國領(lǐng)土的一部分的事實(shí)
The election of a new leader in Taiwan cannot change the fact that Taiwan is part of Chinese territory
◆我們解決臺灣問題的原則是"和平統(tǒng)一祖國和一國兩制"
Our guideline for solving the Taiwan question is "peaceful reunification and the one country, two systems"
◆臺灣當(dāng)局必須拋棄"兩國"論
The Taiwanese authorities must abandon "two states" statement
方針（Major Policies）
一個國家，兩種制度
One country, two systems.
◆港人治港
Hong Kong people administer Hong Kong
◆澳人治澳
Macao people administer Macao
◆一個中國的原則
One-China principle
◆和平統(tǒng)一祖國
Peaceful reunification of the motherland
◆高度自治
a high degree of autonomy
改革開放
基本觀點(diǎn)（Basic Viewpoints）
◆發(fā)展是硬道理
Development is the main principle
◆深化改革，加強(qiáng)和改善宏觀調(diào)控
Deepen reform and strengthen and improve macro-control
◆在我國現(xiàn)代化過程中，我們必須始終堅(jiān)持一手抓物質(zhì)文明，一手抓精神文明。
In the process of China's modernization, we must always work for material progress and at the same time for cultural and ethical progress
◆深化改革為國民經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會發(fā)展注入了新的活力。
The deepened reform has injected a flow of fresh vitality into our national economic and social development.
◆市場也有盲目性和局限性。
The market is unplanned and has its limitations.
◆國有企業(yè)改革是當(dāng)前經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的重點(diǎn)。
The reform of state-owned enterprises is the principal task of the on-going economic restructuring
◆我們要繼續(xù)擴(kuò)大對外開放，并形成全方位、多層次、寬領(lǐng)域的開放格局。
We must continue an omni-directional, multilevel and wide-range opening to the outside world.
◆國民經(jīng)濟(jì)市場化、社會的程度得到明顯提高。
The national economy is notably more market-oriented and socialized.
時代觀點(diǎn)
◆深入學(xué)習(xí)鄧小平理論。
Study Deng Xiaoping Theory deeply
◆治國現(xiàn)治黨，治黨必從嚴(yán)。
To rule the country, first rule the Party, and with a strong hand
◆加強(qiáng)廉政建設(shè)，懲治貪污腐敗。
Work harder to build an honest government, punish graft and corruption
◆讓雷鋒精神永駐心間。
Let the Lei Feng spirit be in your heart year-round
◆我們既面臨難得的機(jī)遇，也面臨嚴(yán)峻的挑戰(zhàn)。
We are faced with both a rare opportunity and grave challenges.
◆實(shí)踐是檢驗(yàn)真理的唯一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
Practice is the sole criterion for judging truth.
◆打破壟斷，鼓勵競爭。
擴(kuò)大內(nèi)需促繁榮。
Encourage domestic demand and promote prosperity.
◆保護(hù)地球環(huán)境－人類共有的家園。
Protect the earth's environment-the homeland of all mankind.
◆保護(hù)環(huán)境是每個公民的責(zé)任與義務(wù)。
Protecting environment is every citizen's responsibility and moral duty.
◆為子孫后代留下青山綠水。
Preserve the green mountains and clear rivers for posterity
◆治理大氣污染，還城市一片藍(lán)天!
Control air pollution and bring back city's blue sky!
◆污染者應(yīng)該承擔(dān)污染的代價(jià)。
The polluter should pay.
◆全社會都來關(guān)心再就業(yè)。
Our entire society should be involved in the effort to find new jobs for laid-off workers.
◆積極參加下崗再就業(yè)培訓(xùn)。
Laid-off employees should take full advantage of retraining programs.
◆下崗是對生產(chǎn)力的一次大解放-給自己一個重新選擇的機(jī)會。
Lay offs are a great liberation of productive forces - give yourself a chance to make a fresh choice.
◆消費(fèi)可以刺激經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。
Consumer buying can build up the economy.
◆中國加入世貿(mào)組織符合中美兩國人民的利益、
China's entry into the WTO is in the best interest of both the Chinese and Americans.
◆中美兩國人民應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)了解，增進(jìn)共識。
Chinese and Americans should strengthen mutual understanding and promote the positions they share.
◆拒買盜版物，保護(hù)知識產(chǎn)權(quán)。
Don't buy pirated goods. Protect intellectual property rights.
◆珍愛生命，永不沾毒。
Value your own life-stay away from drugs.
◆不要讓煙草縮短你的寶貴的生命。
Don't let smoking take years away from your life.
◆拒絕毒品，別拿生命做賭注。
Say no to drugs. Don't gamble your life away.
◆減輕課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)，還孩子快樂童年！
Less homework for our children - give school kids more free time.
◆以旅游為橋梁，增進(jìn)各國人民友誼。
Use tourism as a bridge and promote the friendship between people from different countries.
◆告別違章行車，保證交通順暢。
Say goodbye to lawless driving, ensure the smooth flow of traffic.
◆深化改革，全面推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育。
Efforts should be made to deepen the educational reform and promote the qualification-oriented education in an all-round way.
◆全面推進(jìn)依法行政，從嚴(yán)治政，建設(shè)廉潔，勤政。務(wù)實(shí)，高效政府。
The government should be strict with itself in carrying out its official duties in accordance with the law and try to be honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient.
◆發(fā)展是硬道理。
Development is the absolute principle.
◆厲行勤儉，反對奢侈浪費(fèi)。
We must practice strict economy and combat extravagance.
西部大開發(fā)
基本觀點(diǎn)（Basic Viewpoints）
◆自從開發(fā)西部戰(zhàn)略提出以來，中央政府各部委都已積極行動起來。許多部委已經(jīng)采取了支持西部發(fā)展的新舉措。
Since China launched the strategy of developing the country's west, various ministries and commissions under the Central Government have gone into action. Many of them have adopted new measures for supporting the western region development program.
◆中央政府將給予優(yōu)惠政策，增加對西部的財(cái)政投入。
The Government will give preferential policies to increase financial input to the western region.
◆國家將給西部發(fā)放政府長期貸款。
The state will issue long-term government loans to the western region.
開發(fā)西部應(yīng)該引進(jìn)新思想和新機(jī)制。
In developing the west, new ideas and mechanisms should be adopted.
◆國家很快將出臺一系列有關(guān)西部發(fā)展的政策措施。
The state will soon stage a series of policy measures in relation to western region development.
金融
基本觀點(diǎn)（Basic Viewpoints）
◆深化金融改革，整頓金融秩序，強(qiáng)化金融監(jiān)管和法制，努力提高經(jīng)營效益。
We should continue to deepen financial reform, rectify financial order, tighten financial supervision and regulation by law and improve performance.
◆在堅(jiān)持穩(wěn)健經(jīng)營的原則下，金融系統(tǒng)要加大對經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展支持的力度。
In accordance with the principle of prudent operation , financial institutions should their support for economic development.
◆要進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮貨幣政策的作用。
We should take better advantage of the role of monetary policy.
◆我們要進(jìn)一步規(guī)范和發(fā)展證券市場，增加企業(yè)直接融資比重。
We should further standardize and develop securities market so that enterprises will be able to increase the proportion of direct financing.
◆要努力解決農(nóng)民貸款難的問題。
We should strive to solve the problem of farmers having difficulty taking out loans.
環(huán)境保護(hù)
基本觀點(diǎn)（Basic Viewpoints）
◆提高全民族環(huán)保意識。
Awaken the whole nation to the importance of environmental protection.
◆中國已規(guī)定并修改了有關(guān)水、空氣及固體垃圾污染的有關(guān)法律，為取得持續(xù)發(fā)展打下了基礎(chǔ)。
China has stipulated and revised the relevant laws on water air and solid waste pollution, laying the foundation for achieving sustainable development.
◆保護(hù)地球環(huán)境-人類共有的家園。
Protect the earth's environment -- the homeland of all mankind.
◆保護(hù)環(huán)境識每個公民的責(zé)任與義務(wù)。
Protecting the environment is every citizen's responsibility and moral duty.
◆對環(huán)境問題的關(guān)注已經(jīng)成為一種不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的歷史潮流。
The attention to environment issue has become an irreversible historical trend.
◆切實(shí)搞好生態(tài)環(huán)境建設(shè)。
Practical measures need to be taken to improve the environment.
◆工廠廢氣、污水排放到2000年底必須符合排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
All factories must meet discharge standards by the end of 2000.
◆到2010年，我國可能制止城鄉(xiāng)環(huán)境的惡化。
By 2010, our country expects to curb environmental deterioration in the cities and villages.
◆為了避免破壞西部環(huán)境，有必要對西部地區(qū)的經(jīng)濟(jì)開發(fā)與建設(shè)進(jìn)行嚴(yán)格監(jiān)督。
To avoid ruining the environment in the west, strict supervision of economic development and construction in the western areas is necessary.
人權(quán)問題
基本觀點(diǎn)（Major Viewpoints）
◆自改革開放以來，中國找到了一條適合自己國情的促進(jìn)和發(fā)展人權(quán)的道路。
Since reform and opening up, China has found a road for the promotion and development of human rights that suits its realty.
◆將生存權(quán)，發(fā)展權(quán)放在首位，在改革，發(fā)展，穩(wěn)定的情況下，全面推進(jìn)人權(quán)。
Put the rights to subsistence and development in the first place and under the conditions of reform. Development and stability, promote human rights development in an overall way.
◆我們完全有理由相信中國的人權(quán)狀況將不斷改善。
We have every reason to believe that China's human rights situation will continue to improve.
◆中國重視維護(hù)公民的勞動和社會保障權(quán)利。
China attaches great importance to the protection of the citizen's labour and social security rights.
◆為解決事業(yè)人員和下崗職工的再就業(yè)問題，中國重1994年開始實(shí)施再就業(yè)工程。
A re-employment project aiming at solving the problems of the jobless and the laid-off worker was initiated in 1994.
◆公民受教育的權(quán)利進(jìn)一步得到保障。
The right of Chinese citizens to receive education has been further guaranteed.
◆中國在人權(quán)問題上一貫主張對話，反對對抗。
China always advocates dialogue and opposes confrontation in the field of human rights.
◆中國反對"人權(quán)高于主權(quán)"的主張。
China family opposes the idea of "human rights above sovereignty".
◆中國對人權(quán)問題的立場識十分清楚的、一貫的，那就是強(qiáng)烈地反對以人權(quán)為借口，干涉別國內(nèi)政的任何企圖。
China's stand on the human rights issue is clear and consistent, that it strongly object to any attempt to interfere in the internal affairs of other nations using human rights as a pretext.
中美關(guān)系
背景
中美兩國在世界上具有很大的影響，兩國人民都希望保持和發(fā)展健康，穩(wěn)定的關(guān)系。中美兩國既有共同利益，也有分歧。中美三個聯(lián)合公報(bào)于1972年在上海簽訂。1997年下半年，****主席對美國進(jìn)行了訪問。1998年，克林頓總統(tǒng)也對中國進(jìn)行了9天訪問。中美關(guān)系健康，平穩(wěn)發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵在于嚴(yán)格遵守中美三個聯(lián)合公報(bào)的原則。目前，中美兩國將繼續(xù)一起共同努力建立
建設(shè)性戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系。
Both China and the United States exert a considerable influence in the world, and the two peoples wish to maintain and develop healthy and stable ties. There ere both common interests and differences between China and the United States. The three Sino-US Joint Communiques were signed in Shanghai in 1972.President Jiang Zemin visited the United States in late 1997, President Bill Clinton paid a 9-day visit to China in 1998. The key to the healthy and steady development of Sino-US ties is strictly abiding by the principles' set in the three Sino-US Joint
Communiques. At present, China and the United States will continue to work together to set up a constructive strategic partnership.
譯路通武漢翻譯公司整理
2012.7.11